INTEGRAL WORLD MAILING LIST http://www.integralworld.net Newsletter Nr. 879 Amsterdam, July 31th, 2020 CHARLES DARWIN - PETE NAVARRO Charles Robert Darwin, born February 12, 1809- April 19, 1882, was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. Darwin considered himself a freethinker, despite coming from an Anglican background, stating that “science has nothing to do with Christ, but man's caution in admitting evidence”. Darwin proposed that all species of life come from a common ancestry and his theories of evolution have become the foundations of scientific theories. In collaboration with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced the theory of branching evolutionary patterns as natural selection, which most species exist due to selective breeding as a means for survival. Read more: http://www.integralworld.net/lane248.html THE AGNOSTICS: THINKERS IN AN INDETERMINATE COSMOS - Introduction - DAVID LANE Often in the philosophy classes I have taught in undergraduate and graduate school, I would bring up this point of “unknowingness.” Pointing to a crumpled piece of writing paper, I would ask the class, “What is this?” Almost in unison, the students would respond, "A piece of paper." Taking this as my cue to lead into a deeper philosophical investigation of materialism, I probed further, "Yes, but what is that?” Catching my drift, one student invariably answered, “Oh, it is actually a transformed sheet of wood.” Not wanting them to stop there, I asked, “And wood is made of what?” “It's comprised of molecules," the more scientifically oriented students would shout. Connecting to the now forgotten inner space ride at Disneyland, which takes one through an imaginary voyage inside a snowflake molecule, I queried, “But what is a molecule made of.” By this time, we had gotten down to the subatomic level, and our words began to betray our modicum of knowledge (electrons, protons, quarks, lucky charms, superstring). The final question I asked was quite simple, but given the line of investigation it led to some severe complications: What is matter? Read more: http://www.integralworld.net/lane247.html